1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 acidic, and values above 7 alkaline.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or alkalinity of substances which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between pH and [H⁺]?
A: pH and hydrogen ion concentration have an inverse logarithmic relationship. As [H⁺] increases, pH decreases, indicating higher acidity.

Q2: What are typical pH values?
A: Pure water has a pH of 7 (neutral). Acidic solutions have pH < 7, while alkaline solutions have pH > 7. The human body maintains blood pH around 7.4.

Q3: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very concentrated strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very concentrated strong bases, pH can exceed 14, though these are extreme cases.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically precise based on the formula, but actual pH measurements may vary due to temperature, ionic strength, and other factors.

Q5: What is pOH and how is it related to pH?
A: pOH is the negative logarithm of hydroxide ion concentration. In aqueous solutions at 25°C, pH + pOH = 14.