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pH Formula:
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pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, values above 7 indicating basicity, and 7 being neutral.
The calculator uses the pH formula:
Where:
Explanation: The pH value is calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. This mathematical relationship allows us to express very small concentrations of hydrogen ions on a convenient scale.
Details: pH calculation is essential in various fields including chemistry, biology, environmental science, medicine, and industry. It helps in understanding chemical reactions, biological processes, water quality assessment, and many industrial applications.
Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value using the logarithmic relationship.
Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, though values outside this range are possible for extremely concentrated acids or bases.
Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water changes with temperature due to changes in the ion product of water (Kw). However, the pH calculation formula itself remains the same.
Q3: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C, where pOH = -log[OH⁻]. This relationship comes from the ion product of water: Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴.
Q4: Can pH be negative?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids where [H⁺] > 1 mol/L, the pH value can be negative.
Q5: How accurate is pH calculation from concentration?
A: The calculation provides theoretical pH values. Actual measured pH may vary due to activity coefficients, temperature effects, and other solution properties.