1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the pH Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH equation:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The equation calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, environmental science, medicine, and industrial processes. It helps determine the chemical properties and behavior of solutions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does pH stand for?
A: pH stands for "potential of hydrogen" or "power of hydrogen" and indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Q2: What are typical pH values?
A: pH values range from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral. Acidic solutions have pH < 7, basic solutions have pH > 7.

Q3: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicators, pH paper, or electronic pH meters that detect hydrogen ion activity.

Q4: What factors affect pH?
A: Temperature, concentration of acids/bases, and the presence of buffers can affect pH measurements and calculations.

Q5: Why is logarithmic scale used for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (10^-14 to 10^0 mol/L) into a manageable 0-14 scale.