1. What is pH Calculation?

pH calculation determines the acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, 7 being neutral, and values above 7 indicating basicity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH calculation formula:

Where:

• \( [\text{H}^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( 0.400 \) — Fixed volume of 400 mL in the mixture
• \( \text{total V} \) — Total volume of the solution (L)

Explanation: This formula calculates the pH of a solution formed by mixing 400 mL of a substance with hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺] into a total volume V.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: Accurate pH calculation is crucial for chemical reactions, biological systems, water treatment, and various industrial processes where pH control is essential.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L and total volume in liters. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 400 mL specifically mentioned in the formula?
A: The formula is designed for solutions formed by mixing exactly 400 mL of the substance with hydrogen ions into the total volume.

Q2: What are typical pH values for common solutions?
A: Pure water has pH 7, lemon juice around 2, baking soda solution around 8.5, and bleach around 12-13.

Q3: Why use logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (10^-14 to 10^0 mol/L) into a manageable 0-14 scale.

Q4: Are there limitations to this calculation?
A: This calculation assumes ideal conditions and may not account for temperature effects, ionic strength, or the presence of other ions that might affect pH.

Q5: How accurate is this pH calculation?
A: The calculation provides a theoretical pH value. For precise measurements, laboratory pH meters with proper calibration should be used.