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pH Formula:
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pH calculation for acid-base solutions determines the acidity or alkalinity of a solution when both acid and base are present. The pH value indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and is crucial for understanding chemical properties and reactions.
The calculator uses the pH formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the absolute difference between hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, then takes the negative logarithm of that value to determine the pH.
Details: Accurate pH calculation is essential for chemical analysis, biological systems, industrial processes, and environmental monitoring. It helps predict chemical behavior and reaction outcomes.
Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration from acid and hydroxide ion concentration from base in mol/L. Both values must be non-negative. The calculator will compute the resulting pH of the solution.
Q1: What does pH measure?
A: pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline), with 7 being neutral.
Q2: What happens when acid and base concentrations are equal?
A: When hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations are equal, the solution is neutral with a pH of 7.
Q3: Why use absolute value in the formula?
A: The absolute value ensures we're always working with a positive concentration difference, as pH calculation requires a positive value for the logarithm.
Q4: What are typical pH values for common substances?
A: Battery acid ~0, lemon juice ~2, pure water ~7, seawater ~8, baking soda ~9, bleach ~13.
Q5: How does temperature affect pH?
A: Temperature affects the dissociation of water, changing the neutral point. At 100°C, neutral pH is about 6.14 rather than 7.0.