1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the chemical behavior of substances and is essential for maintaining proper conditions in biological systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does a pH value less than 7 indicate?
A: A pH value less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, with lower values representing stronger acidity.

Q2: What does a pH value greater than 7 indicate?
A: A pH value greater than 7 indicates a basic (alkaline) solution, with higher values representing stronger basicity.

Q3: What is the pH of a neutral solution?
A: A neutral solution has a pH of exactly 7 at 25°C, such as pure water.

Q4: Can pH values be outside the 0-14 range?
A: Yes, extremely concentrated acids can have negative pH values, and extremely concentrated bases can have pH values greater than 14.

Q5: How is pH typically measured in laboratories?
A: pH is most commonly measured using pH meters with glass electrodes, though pH indicator papers and solutions are also used for approximate measurements.