1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values less than 7 acidic, and values greater than 7 basic.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The pH value represents the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, providing a convenient way to express acidity levels.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and material properties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L). The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between pH and [H⁺]?
A: pH is inversely related to hydrogen ion concentration. As [H⁺] increases, pH decreases, indicating higher acidity.

Q2: What are typical pH values for common substances?
A: Pure water has pH 7 (neutral), lemon juice around 2-3 (acidic), and bleach around 12-13 (basic).

Q3: How precise is pH measurement?
A: pH can be measured with high precision using pH meters, typically with accuracy up to ±0.01 pH units.

Q4: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very concentrated strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very concentrated strong bases, pH can exceed 14.

Q5: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water decreases with increasing temperature due to changes in water's autoionization constant, though the solution remains neutral.