1. What is the pH Calculation?

This calculator determines the pH of a solution obtained by mixing 0.1 litre of pH 4 solution with additional solvent to reach the specified total volume. The calculation accounts for dilution effects on hydrogen ion concentration.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH calculation formula:

Where:

• \( 10^{-4} \) — Hydrogen ion concentration of pH 4 solution (mol/L)
• \( 0.1 \) — Volume of pH 4 solution (L)
• \( V_{total} \) — Total volume of the final mixture (L)

Explanation: The formula calculates the new hydrogen ion concentration after dilution and converts it back to pH scale.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: Accurate pH calculation is crucial for chemical reactions, biological systems, and industrial processes where pH affects reaction rates, product quality, and system stability.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the total volume in liters. The value must be greater than 0.1 L (the initial volume of pH 4 solution).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does the pH change when mixing solutions?
A: The pH changes due to dilution effect - adding solvent decreases the hydrogen ion concentration, which increases the pH.

Q2: What is the range of valid total volume values?
A: Total volume must be greater than 0.1 L, as you cannot have a final volume smaller than the initial volume being mixed.

Q3: How accurate is this calculation?
A: This calculation assumes ideal dilution and no additional chemical reactions. It provides theoretical pH values for simple dilution scenarios.

Q4: Can this calculator handle mixing of different pH solutions?
A: No, this specific calculator is designed only for diluting 0.1 L of pH 4 solution with pure solvent.

Q5: What if I need to mix solutions of different pH values?
A: For mixing solutions of different pH values, more complex calculations involving buffer equations and equilibrium constants are required.