1. What is pH Calculation?

pH calculation determines the acidity or alkalinity of a solution based on hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, 7 being neutral, and above 7 indicating alkalinity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH equation:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( V_{total} \) — Total volume of solution (L)
• 0.100 — Constant factor for 100 mL reference volume

Explanation: The equation calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration adjusted for the specific volume of the solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine chemical reactivity, biological activity, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L and total volume in liters. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does a pH value of 7 indicate?
A: A pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution, where the concentration of hydrogen ions equals the concentration of hydroxide ions.

Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: Temperature affects the dissociation of water and thus the pH scale. The neutral point shifts from pH 7 at 25°C to different values at other temperatures.

Q3: What are typical pH ranges for common substances?
A: Battery acid: 0-1, lemon juice: 2-3, coffee: 5, pure water: 7, seawater: 8, baking soda: 9, ammonia: 11-12.

Q4: Why use logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (10^-14 to 10^0 mol/L) into a manageable 0-14 scale.

Q5: Can this calculator handle very dilute or concentrated solutions?
A: The calculator works within reasonable concentration ranges. Extremely dilute or concentrated solutions may require additional considerations for accurate pH measurement.