1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺]. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industry. It helps determine chemical reactivity, biological functions, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L). The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between pH and [H⁺]?
A: pH and [H⁺] have an inverse logarithmic relationship. As [H⁺] increases, pH decreases, indicating higher acidity.

Q2: What are typical pH values for common substances?
A: Battery acid: ~0, Lemon juice: ~2, Pure water: 7, Baking soda: ~9, Bleach: ~13.

Q3: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids (pH < 0) or bases (pH > 14), though these are rare in typical applications.

Q4: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water changes with temperature due to changes in water's autoionization constant, though the neutral point remains pH 7 at 25°C.

Q5: What's the difference between pH and pOH?
A: pOH = -log[OH⁻] and is related to pH by the equation pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C.