1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺]. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the pH Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industrial processes. It helps determine chemical reactivity, biological activity, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the pH range for acidic and basic solutions?
A: Acidic solutions have pH < 7, neutral solutions have pH = 7, and basic solutions have pH > 7.

Q2: How precise are pH calculations?
A: pH calculations are mathematically precise based on the input concentration, though actual measurements may vary due to experimental conditions.

Q3: Can I calculate [H⁺] from pH?
A: Yes, the reverse calculation is [H⁺] = 10^(-pH).

Q4: What are typical [H⁺] concentrations?
A: Pure water has [H⁺] = 10^(-7) mol/L (pH = 7). Strong acids can have [H⁺] up to 10^0 mol/L (pH = 0).

Q5: Are there limitations to pH calculation?
A: The calculation assumes ideal conditions and may not account for temperature effects, ionic strength, or specific ion activities in real solutions.