1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in chemistry, biology, medicine, and environmental science. It affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and the behavior of many substances in solution.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does a pH value less than 7 indicate?
A: A pH value less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, with lower values representing stronger acids.

Q2: What does a pH value greater than 7 indicate?
A: A pH value greater than 7 indicates a basic (alkaline) solution, with higher values representing stronger bases.

Q3: What is the pH of pure water?
A: Pure water has a pH of 7 at 25°C, which is considered neutral.

Q4: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water decreases with increasing temperature, but this doesn't mean it becomes more acidic. The neutral point changes with temperature.

Q5: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very strong bases, pH can exceed 14, though these are extreme cases.