1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 acidic, and values above 7 basic.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, environmental science, medicine, and industry. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and product quality.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, though values outside this range are possible for extremely concentrated solutions.

Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water changes with temperature due to changes in the ion product of water (Kw). However, the pH calculation formula itself remains the same.

Q3: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very strong acids pH can be negative, and for very strong bases pH can exceed 14, though these are rare in typical applications.

Q4: What's the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is calculated as -log[OH⁻] where [OH⁻] is the hydroxide ion concentration.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically precise based on the input concentration. However, actual pH measurements may vary due to temperature, ionic strength, and other factors affecting the activity coefficient.