1. What is pH Calculation?

pH calculation determines the acidity or alkalinity of a solution using the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 acidic, and values above 7 alkaline.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( 0.01 \) — Conversion factor for 10 mL mixture dilution
• \( \text{total V} \) — Total volume of the mixture (L)

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in the final diluted mixture.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: Accurate pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes where precise acidity/alkalinity control is required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L and total volume in liters. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is there a 0.01 factor in the formula?
A: The 0.01 factor accounts for the 10 mL mixture dilution (0.01 L = 10 mL) in the calculation.

Q2: What are typical pH values for common substances?
A: Pure water has pH 7, lemon juice ~2, vinegar ~3, coffee ~5, blood ~7.4, baking soda ~9, ammonia ~11.

Q3: Why use logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (10^-14 to 10^0 mol/L) into a manageable 0-14 scale.

Q4: What are the limitations of pH calculation?
A: Calculations assume ideal conditions and may not account for temperature effects, ionic strength, or the presence of buffering agents.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation provides theoretical pH values. For precise measurements, experimental determination using pH meters is recommended.