1. What is pH Calculation?

pH calculation determines the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate alkalinity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( V \) — Volume of the solution (cm³)
• \( total\ V \) — Total volume of the mixture (cm³)

Explanation: The formula calculates the pH by first determining the effective hydrogen ion concentration after mixing, then taking the negative logarithm of that value.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and material properties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L, volume in cm³, and total volume in cm³. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the pH scale?
A: The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic), with 7 being neutral.

Q2: Why use logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations into a manageable 0-14 scale, making it easier to work with.

Q3: What are typical pH values?
A: Pure water has pH 7, lemon juice around 2, baking soda solution around 9, and bleach around 13.

Q4: How does temperature affect pH?
A: Temperature affects the dissociation of water, changing the neutral point. At 100°C, neutral pH is about 6.14 instead of 7.0.

Q5: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very concentrated strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very concentrated strong bases, pH can exceed 14.