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pH Formula:
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pH calculation determines the acidity or basicity of a solution from the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where values below 7 indicate acidity, 7 is neutral, and values above 7 indicate basicity.
The calculator uses the pH formula:
Where:
Explanation: The negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration gives the pH value, which represents the acidity or basicity of a solution.
Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the chemical behavior of solutions and is crucial for maintaining proper conditions in biological systems and industrial applications.
Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.
Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic.
Q2: How is hydrogen ion concentration related to pH?
A: pH is the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. As [H⁺] increases, pH decreases, indicating higher acidity.
Q3: What are typical [H⁺] values for common substances?
A: Pure water has [H⁺] = 10⁻⁷ mol/L (pH=7). Lemon juice has [H⁺] ≈ 10⁻² mol/L (pH≈2). Baking soda solution has [H⁺] ≈ 10⁻⁹ mol/L (pH≈9).
Q4: Are there limitations to this calculation?
A: The calculation assumes ideal conditions and may not account for temperature effects or the presence of other ions that might affect acidity measurements.
Q5: Can pH be calculated for very dilute or concentrated solutions?
A: Yes, but for extremely concentrated acids (pH < 0) or bases (pH > 14), the standard pH scale may not be appropriate, and alternative measures might be needed.