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pH Formula:
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pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values less than 7 acidic, and values greater than 7 basic.
The calculator uses the pH equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation calculates the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH of a solution.
Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or alkalinity of solutions which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and environmental conditions.
Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.
Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, though values outside this range are possible for extremely concentrated solutions.
Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water changes with temperature due to changes in the dissociation constant of water. However, the pH calculation formula itself remains the same.
Q3: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is calculated as -log[OH⁻], where [OH⁻] is the hydroxide ion concentration.
Q4: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very strong acids (high H⁺ concentration), pH can be negative. For very strong bases (very low H⁺ concentration), pH can exceed 14.
Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically precise for the given hydrogen ion concentration. However, actual pH measurements may vary due to temperature effects, ionic strength, and other factors.