1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, values above 7 indicating basicity, and 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the pH Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industry. It helps determine the chemical behavior of substances, biological processes, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic.

Q2: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicators, pH paper, or pH meters that detect hydrogen ion activity.

Q3: Why is pH important in biological systems?
A: pH affects enzyme activity, protein structure, and cellular functions. Many biological processes require specific pH levels to function properly.

Q4: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids, pH can be negative, and for extremely concentrated bases, pH can exceed 14, though these are rare in typical applications.

Q5: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration.