1. What is the pH Formula?

The pH formula calculates the acidity or basicity of a solution by taking the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. It provides a standardized scale from 0 to 14 to measure how acidic or basic a solution is.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH level (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The formula converts the hydrogen ion concentration into a logarithmic scale, making it easier to work with the wide range of concentrations found in different solutions.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and material properties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value on a scale from 0 to 14.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does pH stand for?
A: pH stands for "potential of Hydrogen" or "power of Hydrogen" and represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Q2: What is the pH scale range?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate basicity.

Q3: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicator papers, pH meters, or chemical indicators that change color based on the acidity/basicity of the solution.

Q4: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is calculated as -log[OH⁻], where [OH⁻] is the hydroxide ion concentration.

Q5: Why is logarithmic scale used for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (from 1 to 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L) into a more manageable scale of 0-14.