1. What is the pH Formula?

The pH formula calculates the acidity or basicity of a solution from the hydrogen ion concentration. pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The formula converts hydrogen ion concentration to a logarithmic scale, making it easier to work with the wide range of concentrations found in solutions.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions and is crucial for understanding chemical reactions and biological systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, and values above 7 indicate basicity.

Q2: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicators, pH paper, or electronic pH meters with glass electrodes.

Q3: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C, where pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration.

Q4: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very concentrated strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very concentrated strong bases, pH can exceed 14.

Q5: Why use a logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (from 1 to 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L) into a more manageable scale of 0 to 14.