1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, values above 7 indicating alkalinity, and 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in many fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and agriculture. It helps determine the acidity or alkalinity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L). The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, though values outside this range are possible for extremely concentrated solutions.

Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water changes with temperature due to changes in the ion product of water. However, the pH formula itself is temperature-independent.

Q3: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very strong acids (high H⁺ concentration), pH can be negative. For very strong bases (very low H⁺ concentration), pH can exceed 14.

Q4: What's the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C, where pOH = -log[OH⁻]. This relationship comes from the ion product of water.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically precise, but actual pH measurements may vary due to factors like temperature, ionic strength, and the presence of other ions.