1. What is the pH Formula?

The pH formula calculates the acidity or basicity of a solution by measuring the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. It provides a quantitative measure of how acidic or basic a solution is on a scale from 0 to 14.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, providing a convenient scale for measuring acidity.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does pH stand for?
A: pH stands for "potential of Hydrogen" or "power of Hydrogen" and measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Q2: What is the pH scale range?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, and values above 7 indicate basicity.

Q3: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicators, pH paper, or electronic pH meters that detect hydrogen ion activity.

Q4: What are some common pH values?
A: Pure water has pH 7 (neutral), lemon juice has pH ~2 (acidic), and baking soda solution has pH ~9 (basic).

Q5: Why is pH important in biological systems?
A: pH affects enzyme activity, protein structure, and many biochemical processes. Most biological systems maintain specific pH ranges for optimal function.