1. What is the pH Formula?

The pH formula calculates the acidity or alkalinity of a solution from the hydrogen ion concentration. pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — Acidity/alkalinity measure (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The formula converts the hydrogen ion concentration into a logarithmic scale where lower values indicate acidity and higher values indicate alkalinity.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions and is essential for maintaining proper chemical balance in various systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. For best results, use scientific notation for very small concentrations.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate alkalinity.

Q2: What does a pH of 7 mean?
A: A pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution where the concentration of hydrogen ions equals the concentration of hydroxide ions.

Q3: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicators, pH paper, or electronic pH meters with glass electrodes.

Q4: Can pH values be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids (pH < 0) or bases (pH > 14), though these are rare in most applications.

Q5: Why use a logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (from 1 to 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L) into a more manageable 0-14 scale.