1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺]. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H⁺] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, environmental science, medicine, and industry. It helps determine the acidity or alkalinity of substances and is essential for many chemical processes and biological functions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the pH scale range?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, where pH < 7 indicates acidity, pH = 7 indicates neutrality, and pH > 7 indicates basicity.

Q2: What are typical pH values for common substances?
A: Battery acid (pH ~0), lemon juice (pH ~2), pure water (pH = 7), seawater (pH ~8), baking soda (pH ~9), ammonia (pH ~11).

Q3: Why is pH important in biological systems?
A: pH affects enzyme activity, protein structure, and many biochemical reactions. Human blood maintains a pH of about 7.4 for optimal physiological function.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically precise based on the input concentration. However, real-world measurements may be affected by temperature, ionic strength, and other factors.

Q5: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids (pH < 0) or bases (pH > 14), though these are rare in typical applications.