1. What is pH?

pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration.

2. How Does the pH Calculation Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate basicity.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or alkalinity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the pH value using the logarithmic formula.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does a pH value of 7 mean?
A: A pH value of 7 indicates a neutral solution, where the concentration of hydrogen ions equals the concentration of hydroxide ions.

Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: Temperature affects the dissociation of water, changing the neutral point. At higher temperatures, the neutral pH may be slightly below 7.

Q3: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids, pH can be negative, and for extremely concentrated bases, pH can exceed 14, though these are rare cases.

Q4: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration.

Q5: Why is logarithm used in pH calculation?
A: The logarithm compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (from 1 to 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L) into a manageable scale of 0-14.