1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, values above 7 indicating basicity, and 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in various fields including chemistry, biology, environmental science, and medicine. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between [H⁺] and pH?
A: pH is inversely related to hydrogen ion concentration. As [H⁺] increases, pH decreases, indicating higher acidity.

Q2: What are typical pH values for common substances?
A: Pure water has pH 7 (neutral), lemon juice around 2 (acidic), baking soda solution around 9 (basic).

Q3: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very concentrated strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very concentrated strong bases, pH can exceed 14.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation provides theoretical pH based on [H⁺]. Actual pH may vary due to temperature, ionic strength, and other factors.

Q5: Why use logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (10^-1 to 10^-14 mol/L) into a manageable 0-14 scale.