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pH Formula:
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pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydronium ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values less than 7 acidic, and values greater than 7 basic.
The calculator uses the pH formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.
Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, environmental science, medicine, and industry. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and environmental conditions.
Tips: Enter the hydronium ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.
Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, with 0 being highly acidic, 7 neutral, and 14 highly basic. However, some extremely acidic or basic solutions can have pH values outside this range.
Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water changes with temperature due to the temperature dependence of the water dissociation constant. However, the pH calculation formula itself remains the same.
Q3: What's the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH and pOH are related by the equation: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is calculated as -log[OH⁻], where [OH⁻] is the hydroxide ion concentration.
Q4: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very high concentrations of strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very high concentrations of strong bases, pH can exceed 14.
Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically precise for ideal solutions. However, in real-world applications, activity coefficients and other factors may affect the actual pH measurement.