1. What is pH Calculation?

pH calculation determines the acidity or basicity of a solution by measuring the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. For pure water at 25°C, [H⁺] = 10⁻⁷ M, resulting in a neutral pH of 7.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where values below 7 indicate acidity, 7 is neutral, and values above 7 indicate basicity.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine water quality, chemical reactivity, and biological compatibility.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. For pure water at 25°C, use 0.0000001 (10⁻⁷).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the pH of pure water?
A: Pure water has a pH of 7 at 25°C, which is considered neutral on the pH scale.

Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: Temperature affects the dissociation constant of water (Kw), which changes the neutral pH point. At higher temperatures, neutral pH is slightly below 7.

Q3: What are typical pH ranges?
A: Acidic solutions: pH < 7, Basic solutions: pH > 7, Neutral solutions: pH = 7. Extreme values (pH < 2 or pH > 12) are highly corrosive.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation provides theoretical pH based on hydrogen ion concentration. Real-world measurements may vary due to temperature, ionic strength, and other factors.

Q5: Can this calculator handle very small concentrations?
A: Yes, the calculator can handle concentrations as small as 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L (pH 14) using scientific notation input.