1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or alkalinity of solutions which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the pH scale range?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, where values below 7 indicate acidity, 7 is neutral, and values above 7 indicate alkalinity.

Q2: What are normal pH values for common substances?
A: Pure water has pH 7 (neutral), lemon juice has pH ~2 (acidic), baking soda solution has pH ~9 (alkaline).

Q3: Why is pH important in biological systems?
A: pH affects enzyme activity, protein structure, and many biochemical reactions. Human blood maintains a tight pH range around 7.35-7.45.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation provides a theoretical pH value based on hydrogen ion concentration. Actual measurements may vary due to temperature, ionic strength, and other factors.

Q5: Can I calculate [H⁺] from pH?
A: Yes, you can reverse the calculation using the formula [H⁺] = 10^(-pH).