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pH Formula:
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pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydronium ion concentration [H₃O⁺]. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, values above 7 indicating basicity, and 7 being neutral.
The calculator uses the pH formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration to determine the pH of a solution.
Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and environmental conditions.
Tips: Enter the hydronium ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the pH value, which is dimensionless.
Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic.
Q2: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicators, pH paper, or a pH meter. pH meters provide the most accurate measurements.
Q3: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH and pOH are related by the equation: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻].
Q4: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very concentrated strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very concentrated strong bases, pH can be greater than 14. However, these are extreme cases.
Q5: Why is pH important in biological systems?
A: pH is critical for enzyme activity, protein structure, and cellular functions. Many biological processes occur within a narrow pH range.