1. What is the pH Formula?

The pH formula calculates the acidity or basicity of a solution from the hydrogen ion concentration. It provides a logarithmic measure of the activity of hydrogen ions in a solution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H⁺] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula provides a logarithmic scale where each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes for determining the acidity or basicity of solutions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be valid (concentration > 0).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the pH scale range?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 are acidic, values above 7 are basic.

Q2: What are normal pH values for common substances?
A: Pure water has pH 7, lemon juice around 2, baking soda solution around 8.5, and bleach around 12.5.

Q3: Why is pH measured on a logarithmic scale?
A: The logarithmic scale allows representation of the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations found in different solutions in a manageable numerical range.

Q4: Are there limitations to pH calculation?
A: The calculation assumes ideal conditions and may not account for temperature effects or the presence of other ions that can affect hydrogen ion activity.

Q5: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH is typically measured using pH meters with glass electrodes or pH indicator papers that change color based on acidity.