1. What is pH?

pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺].

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate alkalinity.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industrial processes. It helps determine the chemical behavior of solutions and is essential for maintaining proper conditions in biological systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between pH and [H⁺] concentration?
A: pH is inversely related to hydrogen ion concentration. As [H⁺] increases, pH decreases, indicating higher acidity.

Q2: What is considered a neutral pH?
A: A pH of 7.0 is considered neutral at 25°C, which corresponds to [H⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L.

Q3: Can pH values be outside the 0-14 range?
A: Yes, extremely concentrated acids can have negative pH values, while extremely concentrated bases can have pH values above 14.

Q4: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH scale is temperature-dependent because the ionization of water changes with temperature. The neutral point shifts from pH 7 at 25°C.

Q5: What is pOH and how is it related to pH?
A: pOH = -log[OH⁻] and is related to pH by the equation: pH + pOH = 14 (at 25°C).