1. What is a Titration Curve?

A titration curve is a plot of pH versus volume of titrant added during a titration. It shows how the pH changes as the titrant is added and helps identify the equivalence point of the reaction.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses different equations based on the titration type:

Where:

• \( V_{titrant} \) — Volume of titrant added (mL)
• Different equations apply for different titration types (strong-strong, weak-strong, strong-weak)
• pKa values are used for weak acid/base calculations

Explanation: The calculator determines pH at specific points along the titration curve using appropriate chemical equilibrium equations.

3. Importance of pH Calculation in Titration

Details: Accurate pH calculation is crucial for determining equivalence points, understanding buffer regions, and analyzing acid-base titration behavior.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter concentrations in M, volumes in mL, select titration type, and provide pKa when working with weak acids or bases. All values must be valid and positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the equivalence point?
A: The equivalence point is when the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of analyte in the sample.

Q2: Why do weak acid-strong base titrations have different curves?
A: Weak acid-strong base titrations have buffer regions and equivalence points at pH > 7 due to the hydrolysis of the conjugate base.

Q3: What is a buffer region?
A: A buffer region is where pH changes slowly with added titrant, occurring when both weak acid and its conjugate base are present in significant amounts.

Q4: How accurate are these calculations?
A: These are simplified calculations. Real titrations may be affected by ionic strength, temperature, and activity coefficients.

Q5: Can I use this for polyprotic acids?
A: This calculator is designed for monoprotic systems. Polyprotic acids require more complex calculations.