1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydronium ion concentration [H₃O⁺]. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H_3O^+] \) — Hydronium ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration to determine the pH of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, environmental science, medicine, and industry. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions which affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and product quality.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydronium ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, where values below 7 indicate acidity, 7 is neutral, and values above 7 indicate basicity.

Q2: How is pH related to pOH?
A: pH and pOH are related through the equation: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C, where pOH = -log[OH⁻].

Q3: What are some common pH values?
A: Pure water has pH 7, lemon juice has pH ~2, vinegar has pH ~3, baking soda solution has pH ~9, and bleach has pH ~13.

Q4: Why is pH important in biological systems?
A: Most biological processes occur within a narrow pH range. Enzymes, for example, have optimal pH ranges for activity, and deviations can disrupt cellular functions.

Q5: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicator papers, pH indicator solutions, or electronic pH meters with glass electrodes.