1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 acidic, and values above 7 basic.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and material properties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, though extreme values outside this range are possible for very concentrated solutions.

Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: The pH of pure water changes with temperature due to changes in the ion product of water (Kw). However, the pH calculation formula itself remains the same.

Q3: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is calculated as -log[OH⁻], where [OH⁻] is the hydroxide ion concentration.

Q4: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very strong acids (high [H⁺]), pH can be negative. For very strong bases (very low [H⁺]), pH can exceed 14.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation provides a theoretical pH value based on hydrogen ion concentration. Actual measured pH may vary due to temperature, ionic strength, and other factors.