1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log \) — Logarithm base 10

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of an aqueous solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, environmental science, and industry. It helps determine the acidity or alkalinity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and material compatibility.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L). The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the pH scale range?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, where pH < 7 indicates acidic solutions, pH = 7 indicates neutral solutions, and pH > 7 indicates basic (alkaline) solutions.

Q2: Can pH values be outside the 0-14 range?
A: Yes, extremely concentrated acids can have negative pH values, and extremely concentrated bases can have pH values greater than 14.

Q3: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicator papers, pH meters with glass electrodes, or universal indicators that change color based on pH.

Q4: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: In aqueous solutions at 25°C, pH + pOH = 14, where pOH is defined as -log[OH⁻].

Q5: Why is pH important in biological systems?
A: Most biological processes are pH-sensitive. Enzymes have optimal pH ranges, and cells maintain specific pH levels for proper functioning.