1. What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation?

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a mathematical expression used to calculate the pH of a buffer solution. In blood gas analysis, it relates pH, bicarbonate concentration, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

Where:

• \( [HCO_3^-] \) — Bicarbonate concentration (mmol/L)
• \( pCO_2 \) — Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (mmHg)
• 0.03 — Conversion factor for pCO₂
• 6.1 — pKa of carbonic acid

Explanation: The equation demonstrates the relationship between pH and the ratio of bicarbonate to dissolved carbon dioxide in blood.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: Accurate pH calculation is crucial for assessing acid-base balance in blood, diagnosing respiratory and metabolic disorders, and guiding appropriate medical treatment.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter bicarbonate concentration in mmol/L and pCO₂ in mmHg. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the normal range for blood pH?
A: Normal arterial blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. Values below 7.35 indicate acidosis, while values above 7.45 indicate alkalosis.

Q2: How does pCO₂ affect pH?
A: Increased pCO₂ leads to decreased pH (respiratory acidosis), while decreased pCO₂ leads to increased pH (respiratory alkalosis).

Q3: What are typical bicarbonate levels?
A: Normal bicarbonate levels range from 22-26 mmol/L in arterial blood. Levels outside this range may indicate metabolic disturbances.

Q4: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: The equation assumes ideal conditions and may not account for all physiological variables. It's most accurate within normal physiological ranges.

Q5: Can this calculator be used for water pH calculation?
A: While the same fundamental equation applies, water chemistry may involve additional factors that affect the accuracy of pH calculation.