1. What is a Titration Curve?

A titration curve is a graphical representation of the pH of a solution as a function of the volume of titrant added. It shows the equivalence point where the amount of acid equals the amount of base.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the titration formula:

Where:

• \( V_{eq} \) — Equivalence volume (L)
• \( C_a \) — Concentration of acid (mol/L)
• \( V_a \) — Volume of acid (L)
• \( C_b \) — Concentration of base (mol/L)

Explanation: This formula calculates the volume of base needed to completely neutralize a given volume of acid at known concentrations.

3. Importance of Equivalence Point

Details: The equivalence point is crucial in acid-base titrations as it indicates when the reaction is complete. At this point, the pH changes rapidly, which can be detected using pH indicators or a pH meter.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter concentrations in mol/L and volumes in liters. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will determine the equivalence volume where the acid is completely neutralized by the base.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between equivalence point and endpoint?
A: The equivalence point is the theoretical point where moles of acid equal moles of base. The endpoint is the experimental observation where the indicator changes color.

Q2: How does pH change during a titration?
A: pH changes slowly at first, then rapidly near the equivalence point, and then slowly again after the equivalence point is passed.

Q3: What factors affect the shape of a titration curve?
A: The strength of the acid and base, their concentrations, and temperature all affect the curve's shape and equivalence point.

Q4: Can this calculator be used for weak acid-strong base titrations?
A: This specific calculator is designed for strong acid-strong base titrations. Weak acid/base titrations require more complex calculations.

Q5: Why is the equivalence volume important?
A: The equivalence volume helps determine unknown concentrations and is used to calculate the exact point where neutralization occurs.