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pH to H⁺ Formula:
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The pH to H⁺ conversion calculates the hydrogen ion concentration from the pH value using the mathematical relationship between pH and H⁺ concentration. pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula shows the inverse logarithmic relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration. As pH decreases, hydrogen ion concentration increases exponentially.
Details: Hydrogen ion concentration is fundamental in acid-base chemistry, biological systems, and industrial processes. It determines the acidity of solutions and affects chemical reactions, enzyme activity, and many biological functions.
Tips: Enter a pH value between 0 and 14. The calculator will compute the corresponding hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L).
Q1: What is the relationship between pH and H⁺ concentration?
A: pH is the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration: pH = -log[H⁺]. Each unit change in pH represents a tenfold change in H⁺ concentration.
Q2: What is the H⁺ concentration of pure water?
A: Pure water at 25°C has a pH of 7.0, which corresponds to an H⁺ concentration of 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L.
Q3: How does temperature affect pH and H⁺ concentration?
A: Temperature affects the dissociation of water, changing both pH and H⁺ concentration. The neutral point (where [H⁺] = [OH⁻]) varies with temperature.
Q4: What is the range of possible pH values?
A: While theoretically pH can be less than 0 or greater than 14, most practical applications deal with pH values between 0 and 14, corresponding to H⁺ concentrations between 1 mol/L and 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L.
Q5: Why is the pH scale logarithmic?
A: The logarithmic scale allows representation of the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (over 14 orders of magnitude) in a convenient 0-14 scale.