1. What is the pH Formula?

The pH formula is a mathematical representation of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺].

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH equation:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (dimensionless)
• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)

Explanation: The equation calculates the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH measurement is crucial in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity or basicity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and material properties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH values typically range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, and values above 7 indicate alkalinity.

Q2: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for extremely concentrated acids, pH can be negative, and for extremely concentrated bases, pH can exceed 14, though these are rare in most applications.

Q3: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH is commonly measured using pH indicators, pH paper, or electronic pH meters with glass electrodes.

Q4: What is pOH and how is it related to pH?
A: pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻]. In aqueous solutions at 25°C, pH + pOH = 14.

Q5: Why is the logarithm used in the pH definition?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (which can vary by factors of 10) into a more manageable scale of 0-14.