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pH Formula:
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pH calculation is a fundamental concept in chemistry that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 acidic, and values above 7 basic.
The calculator uses the pH formula:
Where:
Explanation: The pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. This mathematical relationship allows us to quantify the acidity of a solution on a logarithmic scale.
Details: pH calculation is essential in various fields including chemistry, biology, environmental science, medicine, and industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity of solutions, monitor chemical reactions, maintain biological systems, and ensure proper conditions for various industrial applications.
Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value using the logarithmic relationship.
Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, though values outside this range are possible for extremely concentrated solutions.
Q2: How does temperature affect pH?
A: Temperature affects the dissociation of water and thus the pH scale. The neutral point (pH 7) is temperature-dependent.
Q3: What is pOH and how is it related to pH?
A: pOH = -log[OH⁻] and pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. Both measure the acidity/basicity of a solution from different perspectives.
Q4: Why is the pH scale logarithmic?
A: The logarithmic scale allows convenient representation of the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations found in solutions (from about 1 to 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L).
Q5: How accurate is pH calculation from concentration?
A: For ideal dilute solutions, the calculation is accurate. For concentrated solutions or those with complex chemistry, activity coefficients may need to be considered.